Thursday, March 5, 2026

What kind of sword?

As the US wages war in Iran, I have been thinking about the things I have written and said over the past 43 years advocating for complete Christian pacifism, and about the well-meaning pushback I get from Christian friends.  One of the Scripture passages people use to tell me I am wrong is found in Luke 22:

35 He said to them, “When I sent you out without a purse, bag, or sandals, did you lack anything?” They said, “No, not a thing.” 36 He said to them, “But now, the one who has a purse must take it, and likewise a bag. And the one who has no sword must sell his cloak and buy one. 37 For I tell you, this scripture must be fulfilled in me, ‘And he was counted among the lawless’; and indeed what is written about me is being fulfilled.” 38 They said, “Lord, look, here are two swords.” He replied, “It is enough.”  (NRSVCE)

The comment in verse 36 is the one people throw out, suggesting Jesus is saying they should arm themselves. I think that is not the case.  Let's look at this verse.

The word for sword is μάχαιρα.  μάχαιρα means a dagger.  It is short, and is used for killing or fileting animals.  I get the impression what he is talking about is something like a fisherman's knife.  People might argue it is useful in self-defense. But it seems to me to be of limited use there and certainly would not be an instrument of warfare.  A military sword would be ῥομφαία. I think  it stands to reason Luke 22:36 does not sanction war.

Then he tells them the scripture must be fulfilled "he was counted among the lawless."  I think he is not talking about the disciples but about the Roman detachment which was coming for him.  I think he is saying let them buy swords. I don't think he meant for the disciples to do that.

The reason why I think that is in verse 38.  They tell him they have two swords, and he says, "It is enough."  The Greek there is ἱκανόν ἐστιν.  That can mean:

"It is enough."  Or, "It is sufficient."

I do not think this is what he meant though.  Two hunting or fishing knives are no match for a battalion. I don't think he is sanctioning the use of the μάχαιρα because when Peter uses one he rebukes him for it and restores the ear Peter had cut off. I really do not think this passage supports Christians bearing arms.  As Tertullian said, "When Jesus disarmed Peter, he disarmed every Christian."

ἱκανόν ἐστιν can also mean, "That's enough!"  Or "enough of this!"  Jesus  is really saying , "Cut it out."

Of all the translations on Bible Gateway it is about half and half.  Some opt for "It is enough" and some for "That's enough."  In The Message, Eugene Peterson went with,

They said, “Look, Master, two swords!” But he said, “Enough of that; no more sword talk!”

I think that is the right way to read this because when there is more than one possibility it makes sense to go with the one most consistent with what else we know that person, in this case Jesus himself, said.

I do not think  this passage sanctions taking up arms.



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What kind of sword?

As the US wages war in Iran, I have been thinking about the things I have written and said over the past 43 years advocating for complete Ch...